Aim To identify the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (pea, gram or red kidneybean). Materials Required Seeds of bengal gram/red kidney bean, forceps, cloth, magnifying glass, petridish, water. Theory Procedure Soak a few bean seeds and keep them overnight. Drain the excess water. Cover the seeds with a moist cloth and […]
Aim To study homology and analogy with the help of models/charts of animals and models specimens of plants. Material Required Plant specimens such as Bougainvillea, cucurbits, potato and sweet potato. Animal models like bird, butterfly, forelimb of frog. Theory Homologous organs: The organs which perform different functions in different species but have similar basic structure […]
Aim To study (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast with the help of prepared slides. Materials Required Compound microscope, permanent slides of binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast. Theory Binary Fission – This is a type of asexual reproduction which takes place in Amoeba. In this type of reproduction, […]
Aim To show experimentally that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration. Materials Required Conical flask, U-shaped delivery tube (tube bent twice at right angles), cotton wool or moist blotting paper, water, thread, beaker, test tube, rubber cork with one hole, 20% freshly prepared KOH sokution, vaseline, soaked gram seeds. Theory Respiration is a biochemical […]
Aim To show experimentally that light is necessary for photosynthesis. Materials Required A potted plant, black paper strips or Gangong’s light screen, clips or cellotape, alcohol, iodine solution, water bath, beaker, burner, water, petri dish, dropper. Theory Light is one of the requirements for photosynthesis. When a part of the leaf is covered from both […]
Aim To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata. Materials Required Leaf of Tradsscantia or periwinkle or balsam, slide, coverslip, forceps, needles, cotton cloth, brush, blotting paper, watch glass, blade, dropper, glycerine, safranin and compound microscope. Theory Stomata (singular: stoma) are tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves. Through […]
Aim To trace the path of the rays of light through glass prism. Materials Required A drawing board Few drawing pins A glass prism Few sharp pointed alpins Three sheets of white paper A measuring scale A pencil A protractor Theory A prism is a portion of refracting medium bounded by the planes inclined to […]
Aim To trace the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result. Materials Required Drawing board Drawing pins Three plane sheets of white paper A rectangular glass slab Geometry instruments Sharp […]
Aim To study the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water. Apparatus and Chemicals Three test tube (20 mL) Dropper Test tube stand Three beakers (100 mL) Three glass rods A measuring cylinder (50 mL) A measuring scale Underground water Hard water Distilled water Soap solution Principle Hardness of […]
Aim To study saponification reaction for preparation of soap. Materials Required Two beakers (250 mL) Two test tube A glass rod A measuring cylinder (50 mL) Burner Stand Wire gauge Knife 20% sodium hydroxide solution : 30 mL Distilled water Vegetable oil (cotton seed oil, soyabean oil, palm oil) : 20 mL sodium chloride (common […]