Aim To study the following properties of acetic acid (ethanol acid): Odour Solubility in water Effect on litmus Reaction with sodium bicarbonate Apparatus and Chemicals Test tube Test tube stand Acetic acid Red and blue litmus paper or solution Sodium bicarbonate Principle When pure, acetic acid is a colourless liquid in summer but freezes to […]
Aim a) To observe the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions: ZnSO4 (aq) FeSO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) Al2(SO4)3 (aq) b) Arrange Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals in the decreasing order of reactivity based on the above result. Apparatus and Chemicals Test tubes Test tube stand Distilled water […]
Aim To perform and observe the following reactions and classify them into: i. Combination reactionii. Decomposition reactioniii. Displacement reactioniv. Double displacement reaction A. Action of water on quicklimeB. Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystalsC. Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solutionD. Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions. Experiment A Aim To perform […]
Experiment A Aim To study the properties of acids (dilute HCl) by their reaction withi) Litmus solution (Blue/Red)ii) Zinc metaliii) Solid Sodium Cabonate Materials Required Test tubes Test tube stand Delivery tube with cork Litmus solutions (blue and red) Zinc metal (granulated) Solid sodium carbonate Sodium hydroxide solution Distilled water Lime water Principle An acid […]
Aim To find the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator:(i) Dilute Hydrochloric Acid(ii) Dilute NaOH solution(iii) Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution(iv) Lemon juice(v) Water(vi) Dilute Hydrogen Carbonate solution Materials Required Six test tubes Test tube stand Glass rod Measuring cylinder (10 mL) Standard pH colour chart pH paper Glass rod Dropper Universal […]
Aim To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in parallel. Materials Required Theory When two or more resistors are connected together between two points then they are said to be connected in parallel. In parallel combination, The formula to calculate equivalent resistance in series is: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 Circuit Diagrams Procedure […]
Aim To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series. Materials Required Two resistors A battery eliminator Ammeter Plug key Connecting wires A piece of sandpaper Voltmeter Rheostat Theory When two or more resistors are connected end to end to each other, then they are said to be connected in series. In […]
Aim To determine the focal length of a convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object. Apparatus Required Theory For an object placed at infinity (practically a distant object), the image formed by a convex lens lies at the focus F of the convex lens. Distance between the optical centre O and the […]
Aim To determine the focal length of a concave mirror by obtaining the image of a distant object. Apparatus Required Concave mirror A meter scale A screen A mirror holder A screen holder Theory A concave mirror is defined as the spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards and follows laws of reflection of […]
Aim To study the dependence of current (I) on the potential difference (V) across a resistor and determine its resistance. Also plot a graph between V and I. Materials Required Battery eliminator Ammeter Voltmeter Rheostat One way plug key Resistor Connecting wires Theory Ohm’s Law: At constant temperature, the potential difference (V) across a conductor […]