Aim To show experimentally that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration. Materials Required Conical flask, U-shaped delivery tube (tube bent twice at right angles), cotton wool or moist blotting paper, water, thread, beaker, test tube, rubber cork with one hole, 20% freshly prepared KOH sokution, vaseline, soaked gram seeds. Theory Respiration is a biochemical […]
Aim To show experimentally that light is necessary for photosynthesis. Materials Required A potted plant, black paper strips or Gangong’s light screen, clips or cellotape, alcohol, iodine solution, water bath, beaker, burner, water, petri dish, dropper. Theory Light is one of the requirements for photosynthesis. When a part of the leaf is covered from both […]
Aim To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata. Materials Required Leaf of Tradsscantia or periwinkle or balsam, slide, coverslip, forceps, needles, cotton cloth, brush, blotting paper, watch glass, blade, dropper, glycerine, safranin and compound microscope. Theory Stomata (singular: stoma) are tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves. Through […]
Aim To trace the path of the rays of light through glass prism. Materials Required Theory A prism is a portion of refracting medium bounded by the planes inclined to each other at an angle. When a ray of light travels from a rarer medium towards denser medium, it bends towards the normal. if the […]
Aim To trace the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result. Materials Required Drawing board Drawing pins Three plane sheets of white paper A rectangular glass slab Geometry instruments Sharp […]
Aim To study the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water. Apparatus and Chemicals Three test tube (20 mL) Dropper Test tube stand Three beakers (100 mL) Three glass rods A measuring cylinder (50 mL) A measuring scale Underground water Hard water Distilled water Soap solution Principle Hardness of […]
Aim To study saponification reaction for preparation of soap. Materials Required Two beakers (250 mL) Two test tube A glass rod A measuring cylinder (50 mL) Burner Stand Wire gauge Knife 20% sodium hydroxide solution : 30 mL Distilled water Vegetable oil (cotton seed oil, soyabean oil, palm oil) : 20 mL sodium chloride (common […]
Aim To study the following properties of acetic acid (ethanol acid): Odour Solubility in water Effect on litmus Reaction with sodium bicarbonate Apparatus and Chemicals Test tube Test tube stand Acetic acid Red and blue litmus paper or solution Sodium bicarbonate Principle When pure, acetic acid is a colourless liquid in summer but freezes to […]
Aim a) To observe the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions: ZnSO4 (aq) FeSO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) Al2(SO4)3 (aq) b) Arrange Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals in the decreasing order of reactivity based on the above result. Apparatus and Chemicals Test tubes Test tube stand Distilled water […]
Aim To perform and observe the following reactions and classify them into: i. Combination reactionii. Decomposition reactioniii. Displacement reactioniv. Double displacement reaction A. Action of water on quicklimeB. Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystalsC. Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solutionD. Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions. Experiment A Aim To perform […]